In most of the United States, having a reliable heater or heating system is essential. Many areas experience temperatures that fall below freezing in the winter, and some even dip below zero degrees Fahrenheit. Choosing the right heating system for your home depends on several factors, including fuel source availability, energy efficiency, and the size of the space you need to heat.
Also, by analyzing the specific needs of each state’s climate and typical winter temperatures, we can determine the most efficient and cost-effective heating system for residents and provide insights into installation costs.
This article breaks down these key areas to help you make the most informed decision. We list the most common types of heating systems and which states would benefit most from having them in their homes.
How to Choose a Heating System
U.S. households use one of three types of equipment as their main heat source during the winter: natural gas furnaces, electric furnaces, or heat pumps. But deciding upon the most appropriate for your home depends on the following key factors.
Consider your local climate
The climate of your region plays a significant role in determining the best heating system for your needs. For example, heat pumps are highly effective in milder climates, where winters are not extremely harsh. In contrast, furnaces or boilers are better suited for colder regions, where temperatures regularly drop well below freezing.
Check your fuel source options
The type of fuel available in your area is another vital factor to consider. Common fuel sources include natural gas, propane, electricity, oil, and renewable energy options such as solar or geothermal. The cost and availability of these fuels can vary greatly depending on where you live. For instance, natural gas is a popular and cost-effective option in many states, while electricity may be more practical in areas without a natural gas infrastructure. We’ll break this down further state-by-state later in this article.
Choose energy-efficient options
Opting for an energy-efficient heating system can significantly lower your energy bills over time. Systems with higher Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency (AFUE) or Heating Seasonal Performance Factor (HSPF) ratings are designed to use less energy while providing ample heat. While the upfront costs of high-efficiency systems can be higher, their long-term savings make them a wise investment for most households.
Measure your space and heating load
Calculating the proper heating load for your space is essential to ensure your system can adequately heat your home. Factors such as square footage, insulation levels, and the number of windows and doors all contribute to the heating capacity needed. An undersized system will struggle to maintain a comfortable temperature, while an oversized system can lead to inefficient operation and higher energy costs.
The Best Heating System by State
Take a look below to see each type of heating system in more detail and why it is best suited for specific states.
Heat pump
Air-source heat pumps are the best option for:
Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Delaware, DC, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia.
Air-source heat pumps are highly effective in the listed states because these regions have mild to moderate winters, allowing the pumps to efficiently extract and transfer heat from the outside air even in cooler temperatures. The warm climate reduces the need for auxiliary heating, making the operation cost-effective and energy-efficient. Additionally, these states experience enough temperature variation that air-source heat pumps can function efficiently for both heating and cooling throughout the year.
Geothermal heat pumps are the best option for:
North Dakota, Iowa, Idaho, New York, New Mexico, West Virginia, and Wyoming.
Geothermal heat pumps are ideal for these states due to their ability to provide consistent heating and cooling regardless of extreme outdoor temperatures. These areas often experience harsh winters and temperature fluctuations where geothermal systems, utilizing the stable temperatures underground, maintain high efficiency and reliability. This leads to significant energy savings and reduced operating costs over time, making them a superior option in colder climates.
Gas furnace
Gas furnaces are the best option for:
South Dakota, Alaska, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, New Hampshire, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Wisconsin.
Gas furnaces can be the best option for states like South Dakota, Alaska, and others listed due to their ability to provide powerful and consistent heat, which is crucial for areas with extremely cold winters. These furnaces are typically efficient, reliable, and capable of heating large homes effectively, making them a popular choice in northern and colder climates. However, their suitability in states like California depends on the region's specific climate, as more moderate areas might benefit more from alternative heating solutions, yet gas is cheaper.
Electric furnace
Electric furnaces are the best option for:
Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Jersey, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, and Washington.
Electric furnaces can be a viable option for states like Kansas, Missouri, and others listed due to their lower upfront cost and easier installation compared to gas systems. They are particularly suited for regions with moderate winter temperatures or homes with smaller heating needs, as they can be less efficient and more costly to run in extremely cold climates. Alternative systems like heat pumps or gas furnaces might be more cost-effective and energy-efficient for areas with higher electricity rates or colder climates, such as North Dakota or Ohio.
Other Considerations
Ductwork
If you're planning to install a forced-air system, such as a furnace or heat pump, it's essential to evaluate your current ductwork. Any necessary repairs or duct installation can increase the total cost, so it's wise to inspect for leaks, damage, or outdated materials that might reduce efficiency. Good ductwork ensures that your heating system performs optimally, delivering heat evenly throughout your space.
Zoning and control
Consider how you want to manage the temperature across various rooms or sections of your home or building. Many modern heating systems come with zoning capabilities, which allow you to independently heat specific zones, enhancing both comfort and energy savings. This feature is particularly useful for larger homes or properties with areas that are used infrequently, giving you control over energy consumption.
Environmental impact
The environmental footprint of your heating system is an important factor to weigh. Systems like heat pumps, solar heating, or other renewable-based solutions are generally more sustainable and can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Choosing an eco-friendly system helps the environment and can provide long-term savings as energy costs continue to rise.
Long-term costs
It’s wise to think beyond the initial installation cost and factor in the ongoing expenses associated with operating and maintaining the system. Long-term costs include fuel consumption, periodic maintenance, and potential repairs, as well as the overall lifespan of the unit. Calculating these expenses upfront can help you choose a system that aligns with your budget and offers reliable value over time.
Rebates and incentives
Many energy-efficient heating systems qualify for local, state, or federal rebates and incentives, which can reduce your upfront costs. Be sure to research available programs that could apply to your chosen heating system, as these financial benefits can make eco-friendly and energy-efficient options more accessible and affordable. Taking advantage of these incentives not only lowers costs but encourages a shift towards sustainable energy practices.
Methodology
We identified the best heating system for each state by researching the most recommended system types for each climate, comparing gas and electricity prices, reviewing gas bans and regulations, and considering regional heating system preferences.
Adam Graham is a construction industry analyst at Fixr.com. He has experience writing about home construction, interior design, and real estate. He communicates with experts and journalists to make sure we provide the most up-to-date and fact-checked information. He has been featured in publications such as Better Homes and Gardens, and written for various outlets including the National Association of Realtors, and Insurance News Net Magazine.